Description
Ventilation is a critical function of truck company operations, aimed at improving conditions inside a
structure fire for both trapped occupants and firefighters. The primary objectives of ventilation are to
remove heat, smoke, and toxic gases from the building, improve visibility specifically for search and
rescue operations, and control the fire’s growth by manipulating its flow path. Truck companies must be
proficient in various ventilation techniques, including vertical, horizontal, and positive pressure
ventilation (PPV), each with its own applications and considerations based on building construction, fire
behavior, and incident dynamics.
The essence of vertical ventilation, typically performed on pitched roofs, involves creating openings at
the highest point of the structure to allow heat and smoke to escape vertically. This technique requires a
thorough understanding of roof construction, proper tools and equipment, and coordinated efforts with
interior crews. Horizontal ventilation, on the other hand, focuses on creating openings in walls,
windows, or doors to facilitate cross-ventilation. This method is often employed in multi-story buildings
or when roof operations are too dangerous. Both techniques demand a keen awareness of fire behavior
and the potential for rapid fire spread if not executed properly and in coordination with fire attack
teams and input from the IC.
Keeping in mind, Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV) is an aggressive ventilation technique that uses
mechanical fans to create a higher pressure inside the structure, forcing smoke and heat out through
pre-determined exit points. While PPV can dramatically improve conditions when used correctly, it
requires careful planning and execution to avoid inadvertently intensifying the fire or pushing smoke
into previously unaffected areas. Truck company personnel must be well-versed in reading smoke
conditions, understanding building layouts, and communicating effectively with other units to ensure
that ventilation efforts complement rather than hinder overall firefighting strategies. Regular training
and practice in various scenarios are essential for maintaining proficiency in these critical ventilation
skills.
